Massachusetts House Passes Primary Care and Health Care Affordability Bill

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BOSTON – The Massachusetts House of Representatives passed legislation that expands access to primary care, shifts the health care system toward prevention, invests in the health care workforce, supports hospitals and community health centers, improves affordability by lowering prescription drug costs, and increasing accountability across the health care system.  

An Act strengthening primary care and advancing health care affordability establishes historic primary care investment targets and strengthens oversight to ensure those investments actually improve access, lower costs, and support a sustainable, patient-centered health care system. 

“For many Massachusetts residents, an unsustainable rise in health care costs has made it increasingly difficult to access and afford basic health care services. That’s why this legislation is so important, as it makes critical investments in primary care and lowers out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs,” said House Speaker Ronald J. Mariano (D-Quincy). “I want to thank my colleagues in the House for recognizing the challenges facing our health care system, and for voting to advance these critical reforms.” 

“Access to comprehensive primary care services and affordable prescription drug prices are necessary to preserve our long-term health,” said Representative Tackey Chan (D-Quincy). “Investing in primary care will expand patient access to critical preventative treatment before routine health problems become complications that require costly interventions. Moreover, this legislation will help make lifesaving drugs more widely available by broadening regulations for pharmacy benefit managers, which have long used their overwhelming power to set prescription drug prices.” 

“At a time when the rising cost of living, including the cost of health care, continues to place a strain on Massachusetts families, especially seniors and individuals with disabilities living on fixed incomes, this legislation takes important steps to make care more affordable,” said Representative Bruce J. Ayers (D-Quincy). “I am proud to support reforms that strengthen primary care, lower prescription drug costs, and improve access to quality health care.” 

Transforming Primary Care through Increased Investment 

The bill establishes statewide primary care investment targets that gradually increase spending to 9% by 2030, 12% by 2033 and 15% by 2036. It also: 

  • Invests $25 million to the Health Care Workforce Transformation fund, providing direct funding for scholarships, student loan repayment, primary care career pathways, and workforce recruitment and retention; 

  • Creates an advanced primary care payment model and standards within DOI to support preventive care, continuity of care, and improved patient outcomes; 

  • Strengthens oversight by the Health Policy Commission to ensure investment improves access without increasing overall health care or insurance costs; 

  • Requires carriers to adopt and offer a primary care payment model to primary care providers and practices; and 

  • Links progress on the statewide primary care target to the existing cost growth benchmark and authorizes the Health Policy Commission (HPC) to mandate certain health care entities to file and implement a primary care commitment to improve efficiency, increase primary care investment, and control health care costs. 

Expanding Access to Community-Based Health Care 

The legislation expands access to health care by strengthening community-based providers and allowing more patients to receive care where they live. The bill: 

  • Expands the allowable uses of the Commonwealth Federal Matching and Debt Reduction Fund to help the commonwealth respond to an estimated $3.5 billion loss of federal funding; 

  • Requires health insurers to cover mobile integrated health services, allowing patients to receive care in their homes and communities for chronic disease management, preventive care, and post-hospital follow-up; 

  • Creates an expedited determination of need process for hospitals serving the commonwealth’s most vulnerable residents to expand access to primary care, behavioral health, and maternal health services in communities with unmet health care needs, allowing qualifying projects to receive priority review and decisions within 60 days; and 

  • Improves reimbursement for federally qualified community health centers by requiring commercial insurers to pay no less than MassHealth rates for the same services, reducing longstanding underpayment and strengthening access in underserved communities. 

Lowering Prescription Drug Costs 

The bill also directly helps patients at the pharmacy counter, ensuring that the patient gets the full benefit of prescription drug rebates negotiated for them on their behalf at the point of sale. The bill also strengthens the oversight of PBMs: 

  • Reduces out-of-pocket prescription drug costs by requiring most manufacturer rebates to be applied at the pharmacy counter; 

  • Ensures patient payments count toward deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums, including payments made on a patient's behalf, consistent with federal law; 

  • Strengthens oversight of PBMs by expanding regulation to affiliated entities within vertically integrated organizations; and 

  • Improves accountability by requiring annual compliance reporting to DOI and authorizing enforcement for violations. 

Ensuring Responsible Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) 

The bill establishes safeguards for AI in health insurance utilization review to ensure technology supports, not replaces, clinical decision-making. Specifically, the bill: 

  • Establishes statutory definitions for AI and automated utilization review tools to reduce the administrative burden on providers; 

  • Requires carriers and utilization review organizations to disclose their use of automated utilization review tools to both providers and the public, and to identify when such a tool was used in connection with an adverse determination; and 

  • Authorizes DOI to promulgate regulations, oversee compliance, and enforce protections. 

The bill passed the House of Representatives 158-0 and goes back to the Senate for further consideration.